The term 'immune system' refers to the body's natural defense mechanism against foreign invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other potentially harmful substances. It is an intricate network of organs, tissues, and cells, which work together to protect the body from infection and disease.
The immune system is made up of two main components: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against foreign invaders and is composed of various physical barriers, such as the skin, as well as chemical barriers, such as saliva and sweat, that prevent these invaders from entering the body. The adaptive immune system is a more specific defense system, which recognizes and destroys specific invaders. This system is composed of white blood cells, such as B cells and T cells, which identify and attack foreign substances.
The immune system also contains antibodies, which are proteins produced by B cells and used to fight off infection. Antibodies are specific to particular invaders, recognizing them and binding to them, preventing them from infecting the body.
In order to function effectively, the immune system must be able to differentiate between foreign invaders and the body's own cells. To do this, the body uses several strategies, such as antigen recognition, which is the ability to recognize antigens on the surface of foreign cells, and cytokines, which are chemical signals that alert the immune system to the presence of foreign cells.
The immune system is a complex and ever-evolving system, which is constantly being challenged by new and emerging threats. To ensure that it is able to protect the body from these threats, it must be kept in good health and functioning optimally. This includes eating a healthy diet, getting adequate rest, exercising regularly, and avoiding substances that can weaken the immune system, such as drugs and alcohol.