Sudden Cardiac Death: An Overview
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a medical term used to describe a sudden, unexpected death due to cardiac arrest. It occurs when the heart abruptly stops beating, usually due to a defective electrical system. SCD can occur in people of all ages, but it is more common in older adults with underlying heart conditions.
Signs and Symptoms of Sudden Cardiac Death
The signs and symptoms of SCD vary depending on the underlying cause. In most cases, the person will have no warning before the sudden cardiac arrest. However, some people may experience chest pain or other warning signs prior to their death. Common signs and symptoms of SCD include:
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Shortness of breath
• Lightheadedness or dizziness
• Fainting or passing out
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Risk Factors for Sudden Cardiac Death
SCD is often caused by a preexisting heart condition. People who are at higher risk for developing SCD include those with:
• Coronary artery disease
• Congenital heart defects
• A history of heart attack or stroke
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Long QT syndrome
• Arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation
Diagnosis and Treatment of Sudden Cardiac Death
SCD is typically diagnosed through an autopsy, which can reveal evidence of a heart attack or other cardiac conditions. Unfortunately, once SCD has occurred, there is no way to reverse the damage.
If a person is at risk for SCD, the condition can be managed with medications and lifestyle changes. These may include quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and controlling high blood pressure or cholesterol. A doctor may also prescribe medications to regulate the heart rhythm or reduce the risk of blood clots.
Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death
SCD is often unpredictable and unpreventable. However, there are steps that people can take to reduce their risk.
