Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder that affects the body’s ability to break down the essential amino acid phenylalanine. People with PKU cannot properly metabolize phenylalanine, which can accumulate in the body and lead to serious health problems.
The primary symptom of PKU is an excessive buildup of phenylalanine in the blood, known as hyperphenylalaninemia. People with PKU have an inability to break down phenylalanine, which is an amino acid found in many foods. As a result, phenylalanine accumulates in the body and can cause serious health problems.
PKU is caused by mutations in the gene responsible for producing the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down phenylalanine into tyrosine, a harmless amino acid. When the enzyme is deficient or absent, phenylalanine accumulates in the body and can cause neurological and mental health problems.
PKU can be diagnosed at birth through newborn screening. Early diagnosis and treatment with a strict low-phenylalanine diet can reduce the risk of long-term health problems. Treatment typically includes a low-phenylalanine diet, supplements, and regular blood tests to monitor phenylalanine levels.
PKU is a serious condition, but with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, people can lead healthy lives. It is important for people with PKU to carefully monitor their phenylalanine levels and adhere to their treatment plan.