Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a type of lipoprotein found in the blood. It is commonly referred to as "bad cholesterol" because it carries cholesterol from the liver to other parts of the body. LDL is one of the two major forms of cholesterol in the body, the other being high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL cholesterol is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or micromoles per liter (mmol/L).
What LDL Measures
LDL measures the amount of cholesterol carried in the blood by the lipoproteins. It is primarily composed of cholesterol and other fats, including triglycerides. The higher the LDL level, the higher the amount of cholesterol and other fats in the blood. High levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems.
How LDL is Measured
LDL levels are measured with a blood test called a lipid panel. This test measures total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. The results of the test are usually expressed as a ratio, such as total cholesterol/HDL ratio. This ratio helps to determine the risk of developing heart disease.
Why LDL is Important
LDL cholesterol is an important indicator of heart health. High levels of LDL cholesterol can increase the risk of developing heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems. It is important to keep LDL levels within a healthy range by eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking.
The goal of treatment is to lower LDL levels to reduce the risk of developing heart disease. This can be done through lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise or, in some cases, with medications.