ASD stands for Autism Spectrum Disorder, a condition characterized by difficulties in social communication, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. It is a neurological disorder that affects the development of an individual's ability to interact with others and the environment.
The spectrum of ASD ranges from severe to mild. Severe cases involve individuals who may be non-verbal, have difficulty with daily activities, and may require assistance with basic daily tasks. Mild cases involve those with higher functioning abilities, but still show difficulties in social communication and understanding of nonverbal cues.
The causes of ASD are not fully understood, but genetic factors are thought to play a role. Research into environmental factors is ongoing, but so far the evidence is inconclusive.
People with ASD may experience difficulties with social interaction and communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Symptoms of ASD can vary greatly from person to person, and can range from mild to severe.
The diagnosis of ASD is made by a multidisciplinary team consisting of a pediatrician, psychologist, and other medical professionals. ASD is usually diagnosed during early childhood, and the diagnosis is based on observation and evaluation of the individual's behavior and development.
ASD is a lifelong condition, and there is no “cure.” Treatment is focused on helping individuals with ASD learn skills and strategies to manage their condition and succeed in life. Treatment may include behavior therapy, social skills training, speech therapy, and occupational therapy.