Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in a broad range of symptoms, including inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is estimated to affect 5% of children and 2.5% of adults worldwide.
ADHD affects the brain differently in children and adults. In children, the disorder is associated with a delay in the maturation of brain regions that are involved in attention, self-regulation, and executive functioning. This delay can result in impaired performance on tasks that require sustained attention, planning, and problem-solving.
In adults, the effects of ADHD on the brain are more complex. It is associated with disruptions in the brain's neural circuitry, which can lead to problems with self-control and impulsivity. It can also lead to difficulty in regulating emotions, which can make it difficult to stay focused or motivated.
Additionally, research suggests that ADHD may be associated with changes in the way the brain processes and responds to dopamine, the neurotransmitter responsible for motivation and reward. This can lead to difficulties in regulating behavior, as well as a decreased ability to experience pleasure and satisfaction from activities.
Overall, ADHD can have a profound effect on the brain, leading to a range of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral difficulties. Identifying, treating, and supporting individuals with ADHD can help to minimize the impact of the disorder on their lives.