The Allergy and Immunology department at most hospitals and clinics treat a variety of diseases. These include both allergic and immunological conditions. Allergies are caused by an overactive immune system, where the body mistakenly sees a harmless substance as something harmful. Immunological conditions are disorders of the immune system itself.
Allergic Conditions
Allergies can range from mild to severe, and can include hay fever, asthma, food allergies, eczema, hives, and more. Allergic reactions can be triggered by environmental irritants such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and mold. They can also be triggered by foods, medicines, and insect stings. Symptoms of allergic reactions can include itchy eyes, sneezing, wheezing, and hives.
Immunological Conditions
Immunological conditions include autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, leading to a variety of diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Immunological conditions can also include primary immunodeficiencies, where there is a lack of certain immune cells, and secondary immunodeficiencies, where the immune system is weakened as a result of another disease or medical condition.
The Allergy and Immunology department at most hospitals and clinics can diagnose and treat these conditions. Treatment may include medications, lifestyle modifications, and immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a process in which the patient is gradually exposed to the allergen in order to build up a tolerance. This can help reduce symptoms and prevent future reactions.