Chilblains: What Diseases Cause It?
Chilblains, also known as pernio or acrocyanosis, is an inflammatory skin condition that is caused by exposure to cold temperatures. It is most common in young people and those with weakened immune systems. Chilblains typically appear as red patches on the skin accompanied by itching and burning sensations. In severe cases, the skin can swell, blister, and become ulcerated.
The most common cause of chilblains is a lack of blood flow to the affected area. This can be due to narrowing of the blood vessels, a condition known as vasoconstriction. Other causes include hypoxia (low levels of oxygen in the blood), infection, and poor circulation. In addition, certain medical conditions, such as Raynaud’s phenomenon, lupus, and scleroderma, can also lead to chilblains.
Vasoconstriction occurs when the blood vessels constrict, reducing the amount of blood flow to the affected area. This can be caused by cold temperatures, as well as certain medications and lifestyle factors, such as smoking, stress, and a lack of exercise.
Hypoxia is a condition in which there is not enough oxygen in the blood. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including high altitude, respiratory conditions, and blood disorders.
Infection can also cause chilblains. Bacterial and fungal infections, as well as viruses, can lead to inflammation and swelling of the skin.
Poor circulation is another cause of chilblains. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including obesity, diabetes, and certain medications.
Raynaud’s phenomenon is a condition in which the blood vessels in the fingers and toes constrict, reducing the amount of blood flow to the affected area. This can be caused by cold temperatures or stress.
Lupus is an autoimmune disorder that can affect many parts of the body, including the skin. It can cause inflammation and swelling of the skin, resulting in chilblains.
Scleroderma is a condition in which the skin becomes thick and hard. It can cause inflammation and swelling of the skin, leading to chilblains.
Chilblains can be eased by avoiding cold temperatures and keeping the affected area warm. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and swelling. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct any underlying issues.
If you think you may have chilblains, it is important to speak with your doctor to rule out any underlying medical conditions. With the proper treatment and lifestyle modifications, chilblains can be effectively managed.