Hemolytic anemia is a condition in which red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed faster than the body can replace them. This leads to a decrease in the number of RBCs, resulting in anemia. Hemolytic anemia can be caused by a number of different diseases and conditions.
Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune diseases occur when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues. One of the most common autoimmune diseases associated with hemolytic anemia is autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). In this condition, the body's immune system produces antibodies that attack its own red blood cells. Other autoimmune diseases associated with hemolytic anemia include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and some lymphomas.
Infections
Certain infections can also cause hemolytic anemia. These include bacterial infections, such as salmonella and tuberculosis, as well as viral infections, such as hepatitis and HIV. Other infectious agents, such as parasites, may also cause hemolytic anemia.
Medications
Certain medications, such as antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and anticonvulsants, can cause hemolytic anemia. In addition, some chemotherapy drugs, such as hydroxyurea and methotrexate, can cause hemolytic anemia.
Genetic Disorders
Hemolytic anemia can also be caused by a number of inherited conditions, such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.
Other Causes
Hemolytic anemia can also be caused by other conditions, such as mechanical heart valves, cancer, and certain inherited enzyme deficiencies. In some cases, the cause of the hemolytic anemia may be unknown.
