Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of inflammatory arthritis of the spine and joints, which typically affects young adults. It is a chronic and progressive condition that causes pain, stiffness, and inflammation in the spine and other weight-bearing joints. In severe cases, it can cause new bone to form in the spine, resulting in fusion of the vertebrae and resulting in a rigid spine.
The exact cause of ankylosing spondylitis is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Certain gene variants have been associated with a higher risk of developing AS, and some environmental triggers, such as certain infections, may also play a role.
The most common symptom of AS is persistent low back pain and stiffness, usually worse in the morning or after periods of rest. Other symptoms may include neck pain and stiffness, joint pain, fatigue, and a reduced range of motion in the spine.
AS is diagnosed based on a combination of a patient's medical history, physical exam, and imaging studies. Treatment typically includes medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and biologic agents, as well as physical therapy and exercise to help maintain joint flexibility and function. Surgery may be recommended in some cases to correct spinal deformities or repair damaged joints.
Although there is currently no cure for AS, with proper treatment and management, most people with the condition can lead active and productive lives.