Hemolytic anemia is a condition in which red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed faster than the body can replace them. The destruction of RBCs is caused by a variety of factors, including autoimmune disorders, infection, toxins, and certain medications.
Causes of Hemolytic Anemia
Autoimmune Disorders: Autoimmune disorders occur when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, including RBCs. This type of hemolytic anemia can be caused by lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune disorders.
Infections: Hemolytic anemia can be caused by certain bacterial and viral infections, such as malaria, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus.
Toxins: Exposure to certain toxins, such as lead, arsenic, and certain medications, can lead to the destruction of RBCs.
Medications: Certain medications, such as penicillin and other antibiotics, can cause hemolytic anemia.
Diagnosis of Hemolytic Anemia
A doctor may order a complete blood count (CBC) to diagnose hemolytic anemia. The CBC will measure the number of red blood cells and the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. The doctor may also order additional tests, such as a reticulocyte count, to determine the cause of the hemolytic anemia.
Treatment of Hemolytic Anemia
Treatment of hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying cause. Treatment may include medications to suppress the immune system, antibiotics to treat infections, and chelation therapy to remove toxins from the body. In severe cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary.
