Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major cause of death in the United States and other industrialized countries. It is defined as an unexpected, natural death due to cardiac causes that occurs within a short time period (usually within an hour of symptom onset). SCD can be caused by a variety of conditions, including coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, and structural heart abnormalities.
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in the United States. In CAD, the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrow and blocked, reducing the amount of blood and oxygen that can reach the heart. This can cause an arrhythmia, which can trigger SCD.
Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms that can occur due to a variety of conditions, including CAD, cardiomyopathies, structural heart abnormalities, electrolyte imbalances, and certain medications. Arrhythmias can be dangerous because they can cause the heart to beat too quickly or too slowly, resulting in inadequate blood flow to the body and SCD.
Cardiomyopathies
Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart muscle that can cause the heart to become enlarged, weakened, or unable to pump effectively. These conditions can lead to an arrhythmia and SCD.
Structural Heart Abnormalities
Structural heart abnormalities are defects in the heart’s structure that can interfere with its function. These abnormalities can cause an arrhythmia or other heart rhythm disturbances that can result in SCD.
Other Causes
In addition to the conditions mentioned above, SCD can be caused by electrolyte imbalances, certain medications, and a variety of other conditions. It is important to discuss any risk factors for SCD with your doctor.
