T cells are an important type of white blood cell that play a major role in the body's immune system. When functioning properly, T cells are able to recognize and fight off infections and foreign invaders. However, problems with T cells can arise, leading to decreased immunity and a greater risk for infections and other illnesses.
Causes of T Cell Problems
There are a variety of potential causes of T cell problems, including genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infections.
Genetic Disorders
Certain genetic disorders can cause problems with T cell development or function. Examples of genetic disorders that can affect T cells include DiGeorge syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Ataxia-telangiectasia, and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).
Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune diseases occur when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. This can lead to an imbalance in the number of T cells, causing them to become overactive and attack other cells in the body. Common autoimmune diseases associated with T cell problems include lupus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Infections
Certain infections can also lead to T cell problems. For example, HIV/AIDS is caused by a virus that attacks and destroys T cells, leading to a weakened immune system. Other viral infections, such as hepatitis, can also damage T cells.
Treatment of T Cell Problems
Treatment for T cell problems depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, medications such as antibiotics and antivirals may be used to treat or prevent infections. Immunosuppressive drugs may also be prescribed to reduce inflammation and immune system activity. In some cases, a bone marrow or stem cell transplant may be recommended.