A middle ear infection, also known as otitis media, is an infection of the middle ear cavity caused by viruses or bacteria. It can develop when fluid builds up behind the eardrum in the middle ear, allowing bacteria or viruses to grow and cause infection. Symptoms of a middle ear infection may include pain in the ear, fever, irritability, and fluid draining from the ear.
The most common cause of middle ear infections is when fluid builds up behind the eardrum. This fluid can be caused by allergies, upper respiratory infections, or an obstruction in the eustachian tube, which is the tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the throat. When the eustachian tube becomes blocked, fluid builds up in the middle ear and can become infected.
In addition, certain risk factors can make a person more likely to get a middle ear infection. Children are more likely than adults to get middle ear infections because their eustachian tubes are shorter and more horizontal, making them more prone to blockage. Children who attend daycare, share toys, smoke, bottle-feed, and are exposed to second-hand smoke are also more likely to get middle ear infections.
Finally, an underlying condition such as Down Syndrome or cleft palate can make a person more likely to develop middle ear infections. This is because these conditions can cause structural changes in the eustachian tube, making it more prone to blockage.
In summary, middle ear infections are caused by fluid buildup in the middle ear cavity due to allergies, upper respiratory infections, or blockage of the eustachian tube. Certain risk factors, such as being a child, attending daycare, and having an underlying condition, can increase a person’s risk of developing a middle ear infection.