Late-phase allergic reactions are the result of a complex interplay between inflammatory mediators and cells released by the immune system. The most common cause of late-phase allergic reactions is an allergen, which is a substance that triggers an immune system response. When an allergen enters the body, it stimulates the release of histamine, a chemical compound that causes inflammation.
Immune System Response
The immune system responds to allergens by releasing an antibody known as Immunoglobulin E (IgE). This antibody binds to the allergen, which then triggers the release of inflammatory mediators and cells from specialized white blood cells known as mast cells. These cells release a variety of chemicals, including histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins, which can cause symptoms such as sneezing, coughing, wheezing, and itching.
Risk Factors
Certain individuals are more likely to develop late-phase allergic reactions. These include people who have a family history of allergies, those who have been exposed to a high concentration of allergens, and those with certain underlying conditions, such as asthma. People who have been exposed to a particular allergen for an extended period of time may also be at an increased risk for developing a late-phase allergic reaction.
Treatment Options
Treatment for late-phase allergic reactions typically involves avoiding the allergen, if possible, and taking medications to reduce inflammation and control symptoms. Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and leukotriene inhibitors are all commonly used to treat late-phase allergic reactions. For more severe cases, immunotherapy may be recommended to reduce the body's sensitivity to the allergen.
