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IgE (immunoglobulin E) is an antibody that is part of the body's immune system. It is produced by certain white blood cells and plays an important role in fighting off infection. High levels of IgE in the blood can indicate an allergy or other immune system problem.
Allergy
One of the main causes of high IgE levels is an allergic reaction. Allergies occur when the body's immune system reacts to a foreign substance, such as pollen, dust mites, or animal dander, that it perceives as a threat. In response, the body produces IgE antibodies, which then trigger the release of chemicals such as histamine. This can cause a range of symptoms, including sneezing, coughing, and itchy eyes.
Asthma
Asthma is a type of chronic lung condition that is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. It is usually triggered by allergens such as dust mites or pet dander, and can cause shortness of breath, chest tightness, and wheezing. High IgE levels are often found in people with asthma, as the body is attempting to fight off the allergen.
Infection
Infections can also cause an increase in IgE levels. This is because the body produces IgE antibodies to fight off the infection. Bacterial, viral, and fungal infections can all cause an increase in IgE levels.
Autoimmune Disease
Autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis can also cause high IgE levels. In these cases, the body mistakenly attacks its own tissues, causing inflammation and other symptoms. The body produces IgE antibodies in response, leading to an increase in IgE levels.
Other Causes
In some cases, high IgE levels may be caused by certain medications, such as antibiotics, or by underlying health conditions such as cancer or HIV/AIDS. It is important to speak to a doctor if you have any concerns about your IgE levels.