Clostridium difficile, commonly referred to as C. difficile, is a type of bacteria that can cause a range of gastrointestinal illnesses, including diarrhea and colitis. C. difficile is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in developed countries.
The primary cause of C. difficile infection is the presence of spores in the environment. C. difficile spores can be found on surfaces such as countertops, floors, and toilets, as well as on the skin of healthcare workers and in hospital air. These spores can survive in the environment for extended periods of time, making them difficult to avoid.
In addition to environmental factors, certain medications can increase the risk of C. difficile infection. The use of antibiotics, particularly broad-spectrum antibiotics, can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the gut, allowing C. difficile to overgrow and cause infection. Patients who have recently been hospitalized, especially those who have had long-term antibiotic treatment, are at greater risk of C. difficile infection.
Immunosuppressive medications, such as those used to treat autoimmune diseases or cancer, can also increase the risk of C. difficile infection. Additionally, older age is a risk factor for C. difficile infection, as the immune system becomes less efficient with age.
In summary, C. difficile infection is caused by the presence of spores in the environment, as well as the use of certain medications, such as antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs. Older age is also a risk factor for C. difficile infection.