Bone necrosis, also known as avascular necrosis (AVN) or osteonecrosis, is a condition that occurs when there is interruption of the blood supply to the bone resulting in bone tissue death. This interruption in blood supply can be caused by a number of factors, including trauma, infection, drugs, radiation, metabolic disorders, and systemic diseases.
Trauma or physical injury such as a fracture or dislocation can lead to bone necrosis, as well as damage to the surrounding blood vessels, which can prevent proper blood supply to the bone. Infection, such as osteomyelitis, can also lead to bone necrosis, as bacteria can cause damage to the blood vessels supplying the bone. Additionally, certain medications, such as steroids, can lead to bone necrosis by reducing blood supply to the bones.
Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and other forms of radiation can also cause bone necrosis. Radiation can damage the blood vessels supplying the bone, leading to decreased blood supply and ultimately death of the bone tissue. Certain metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, can also lead to bone necrosis, as the body’s ability to produce energy is impaired and can result in decreased blood flow to the bone. Lastly, systemic diseases such as lupus, gout, and sickle cell anemia can also cause bone necrosis due to the body’s inability to adequately supply the bone with oxygen and nutrients.
In summary, bone necrosis can be caused by a number of factors including trauma, infection, drugs, radiation, metabolic disorders, and systemic diseases. It is important to seek medical attention if you are experiencing any of the signs and symptoms associated with bone necrosis.