Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare, congenital disorder of the brain in which abnormal connections between arteries and veins form a tangled web of blood vessels. The cause of AVM is unknown. However, it appears to be related to abnormal development of the blood vessels during early fetal development.
AVMs can be located anywhere in the brain, but are most common in the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination. The symptoms of AVM depend on the size and location of the malformation. Small AVMs may not cause any symptoms, while larger ones can cause headaches, seizures, weakness, vision problems, and stroke-like symptoms.
AVMs can be treated with medications such as antiseizure medications, steroids, or anticoagulants. Surgery is often needed to remove the malformation. Radiation therapy is sometimes used to shrink the AVM, and endovascular embolization is a newer, less invasive way to treat AVMs.
While the cause of AVM is unknown, it is thought to involve genetic and environmental factors. It is believed that AVMs develop as a result of a combination of genetic mutations that alter the normal development of blood vessels in the brain. Some environmental factors, such as exposure to high levels of radiation or certain viruses, may also play a role in the formation of AVMs.
In summary, the exact cause of AVM is not known, but it is believed to involve genetic and environmental factors. Treatment options are available and depend on the size and location of the malformation.
