Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is a condition in which the body's immune system attacks and damages the liver. It is a rare condition, but it is an important cause of chronic and acute liver disease.
What Is Autoimmune Liver Disease?
Autoimmune liver disease is a type of liver disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the liver. The immune system normally works to protect the body from viruses and other infections, but in autoimmune diseases it mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues. This can lead to inflammation, scarring, and damage to the liver, which can eventually lead to cirrhosis or liver failure.
What Causes Autoimmune Liver Disease?
The exact cause of AILD is not known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is also believed that certain infections, such as viral hepatitis, may trigger the immune system to attack the liver. Other factors that may contribute to AILD include certain medications, such as antibiotics, and autoimmune diseases, such as lupus.
Symptoms of Autoimmune Liver Disease
The symptoms of AILD can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include fatigue, fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, and joint pain. Other symptoms may include loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting.
Diagnosis of Autoimmune Liver Disease
AILD is usually diagnosed based on a physical exam, a review of medical history, and laboratory tests. Blood tests may be used to measure liver enzymes and other markers of liver damage. Imaging tests, such as CT scans or ultrasounds, may also be used to look for signs of liver damage.
Treatment of Autoimmune Liver Disease
The treatment of AILD will depend on the severity of the condition. In some cases, medications may be used to reduce inflammation and slow the progression of the disease. In more severe cases, a liver transplant may be necessary.
Autoimmune liver disease is a serious condition, but with early diagnosis and proper treatment, it can be managed. It is important to speak with your doctor if you have any concerns about your health.