Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a complex neurological and developmental disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate, interact with others, and behave appropriately. The exact cause of autism is not known, but research suggests that it is likely due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Genetic factors play a major role in the development of autism. It is estimated that genetic mutation or deletion of certain genes contributes to up to 70% of autism cases. Examples of these genes include those related to the functioning of the brain’s neurons; those involved in the formation and maintenance of synapses (the connections between nerve cells) and those involved in the regulation of the immune system.
Environmental factors, such as prenatal and postnatal exposure to toxins, viral infections, and maternal stress, may also play a role in the development of autism. Early exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as lead, mercury, and pesticides, can be toxic to the developing brain and may contribute to the development of autism. Viral infections, such as rubella, during pregnancy may also increase the risk of autism. Additionally, maternal stress during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of autism in the child.
It is also believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may be responsible for the development of autism. For example, it is possible that a combination of genetic and environmental factors together could lead to certain neurobiological differences in the brain, which could then lead to the development of autism.
Overall, the exact cause of autism is not known, but it is likely due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Research into the causes of autism is ongoing, and as more is understood about the disorder, new treatments and interventions may become available to help those living with autism.