An immune deficiency occurs when the immune system is not functioning properly due to a variety of causes. This can leave the body vulnerable to infections and other illnesses.
The most common causes of immune deficiency are genetic disorders, such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), which is caused by a mutation in the gene responsible for producing a type of white blood cell called T-cells. Other congenital disorders such as DiGeorge Syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, and Ataxia-Telangiectasia can also cause immune deficiency.
In some cases, the cause of immune deficiency is unknown. This is called idiopathic immune deficiency.
In addition to congenital disorders, acquired immune deficiencies can be caused by environmental factors, such as exposure to radiation, certain medications, or malnutrition. Infections such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and hepatitis can also weaken the immune system, making it more vulnerable to disease.
Finally, autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, can also lead to immune deficiency. In these cases, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy cells, leading to an impaired ability to fight disease.
Immune deficiencies can have serious consequences, so it is important to identify and address the underlying cause as soon as possible. If left untreated, they can lead to serious and life-threatening infections.