Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex set of neurodevelopmental disorders that can range from mild to severe. The exact cause of ASD is unknown, but research suggests that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the development of the condition.
Genetic Factors
Research suggests that a combination of genes can increase a person’s risk of developing ASD. While no single gene has been identified as causing ASD, a person’s genetic makeup may affect how severe their symptoms are and how they respond to treatment.
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain toxins, may also contribute to the development of ASD. Other environmental factors, such as a mother’s health during pregnancy, may also increase a person’s risk of developing ASD.
Brain Structure and Function
There is evidence to suggest that the brains of individuals with ASD may be structurally and functionally different from those of individuals without ASD. For example, people with ASD may have differences in the size and shape of certain brain regions, as well as differences in the way neurons in these regions communicate with each other.
Diagnosis
ASD is most often diagnosed in early childhood, usually by the age of three. Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a team of experts, including a pediatrician, psychologist, and speech-language pathologist. The evaluation includes an assessment of the child’s behavior, communication skills, and other development milestones.