An Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) is a rare vascular disorder caused by an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins. It is believed that AVMs are caused by a defect in the development of blood vessels in the womb, which results in an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins. This connection allows blood to flow directly from the arteries to the veins, bypassing the capillary system, which results in a higher-pressure environment in the veins.
The exact cause of AVM is unknown, however, research suggests that genetic mutations may be involved in its development. Some people have a genetic predisposition to AVM, which means they are more likely to develop it than those without the mutation. In addition, environmental factors such as radiation exposure may also be implicated in the development of AVM.
AVM can also be caused by trauma, such as a blow to the head, which results in a tear or rupture in the blood vessels, leading to an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins.
AVMs can be found in any part of the body, although they are most commonly found in the brain and spinal cord. In some cases, AVMs can be present from birth, while in others, they may not be detected until later in life.
AVMs can be dangerous if left untreated, as they can cause strokes, seizures, and other neurological complications. Treatment options for AVMs depend on the size and location of the malformation, and can include surgical techniques such as radiation therapy, embolization, and surgical resection.