Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that affects the upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. ALS is caused by the degeneration of motor neurons, the cells responsible for sending signals from the brain to the body’s muscles. As these cells become damaged, the muscles gradually weaken and waste away, leading to paralysis and eventually death.
Causes of ALS
The precise cause of ALS is unknown, though there are numerous theories. It is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Genetic factors: Several genes have been linked to an increased risk of ALS, including SOD1, C9orf72, TARDBP, FUS, and UBQLN2. Mutations in these genes are thought to lead to the production of toxic proteins, which can damage the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
Environmental factors: Exposure to toxins, such as pesticides, heavy metals, and radiation, is thought to contribute to the development of ALS. Additionally, researchers have found that military veterans and people who have experienced head trauma are more likely to develop the disease.
Treatments for ALS
Unfortunately, there is no cure for ALS. Treatment focuses on managing the symptoms of the disease and slowing its progression. Medications, such as riluzole and edaravone, can help to reduce symptoms and slow the degeneration of motor neurons. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy can help to improve function and maintain muscle strength. Additionally, assistive devices, such as wheelchairs, can help to improve mobility and quality of life.