Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that usually occurs in children. It develops from immature nerve cells found in several areas of the body and most commonly originates in the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infancy and can also occur in older children.
Risk Factors
Although the exact cause of neuroblastoma is unknown, there are certain factors that may increase a child's risk of developing this type of cancer. These include:
Genetic mutations: Certain genetic mutations, such as those that affect the ALK gene, may increase the risk of developing neuroblastoma.
Family history: A family history of neuroblastoma increases the risk of developing the disease.
Exposure to radiation: Exposure to radiation, either through medical procedures or environmental sources, can increase the risk of developing neuroblastoma.
Environmental toxins: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as benzene, can increase the risk of developing neuroblastoma.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of neuroblastoma begins with a physical exam and a review of the child's medical history. The doctor may also order imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, to look for tumors or other abnormalities. If a tumor is found, the doctor may order a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
The treatment of neuroblastoma depends on the size, stage, and location of the tumor, as well as the age of the child. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. In some cases, immunotherapy or stem cell therapy may be used to treat the disease.
In conclusion, neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that can affect children of any age. Although the exact cause of neuroblastoma is unknown, certain genetic mutations, family history, exposure to radiation, and environmental toxins may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer. Treatment for neuroblastoma typically involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.