Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable, often disabling disease of the central nervous system that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body. Although the exact cause of MS is still unknown, there are several factors that have been linked to triggering the onset of the disease.
Genetics: There is a strong genetic component to MS, meaning that if an individual has a family member with MS, they are more likely to develop the disease. Studies have shown that if you have an immediate family member with MS, you are three times more likely to develop the disease.
Viral Infections: Viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus, measles, and herpes simplex virus, have been linked to MS. It is thought that the immune system’s response to the virus may damage the myelin sheath, the insulating material that surrounds nerve cells.
Environmental Factors: Research has shown that individuals who live farther from the equator are more likely to develop MS. Additionally, smoking and being overweight have been linked to an increased risk of MS.
Hormonal Imbalance: A number of studies have suggested that a hormonal imbalance may play a role in the development of MS. Studies have found that women are more likely than men to develop MS, and that the risk of developing the disease increases after puberty.
Immune System Imbalance: An imbalance in the immune system has been linked to MS. A healthy immune system is designed to protect the body from foreign invaders, such as viruses and bacteria. In MS, the immune system becomes overactive and attacks the protective myelin sheath surrounding the nerves, causing inflammation and damage.
Although the exact cause of MS is still unknown, there are several factors that have been linked to triggering the onset of the disease. A combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors may play a role in its development.