Cervical Dysplasia
Subtitle Forum: Cervical Dysplasia
Cervical Dysplasia is a condition in which abnormal cells develop on the cervix, or neck of the uterus. It is caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and is a common cause of an abnormal Pap smear. The abnormal cells are usually non-cancerous, but can sometimes develop into cancer if left untreated. Treatment for cervical dysplasia often involves cryotherapy, which involves freezing the abnormal cells, or a procedure called a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) which uses an electric current to remove the abnormal cells.
Infection
Subtitle Forum: Infection
Infection, such as bacterial vaginosis or a sexually transmitted infection (STI), can also cause an abnormal Pap smear. Bacterial vaginosis is an imbalance of the bacteria in the vagina, and is usually caused by an overgrowth of the bacteria Gardnerella vaginalis. An STI, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, can also cause an abnormal Pap smear. These infections can be treated with antibiotics.
Endometrial Cells
Subtitle Forum: Endometrial Cells
An abnormal Pap smear can also be caused by the presence of endometrial cells on the cervix. Endometrial cells are the cells that line the inside of the uterus, and can sometimes migrate to the cervix. This is known as endometrial cell hyperplasia, and is usually caused by hormonal imbalances. Treatment for this condition typically involves hormone therapy.
Other Causes
Subtitle Forum: Other Causes
Other causes of an abnormal Pap smear can include inflammation, trauma, or a reaction to a medication or contraceptive. Inflammation is usually caused by an infection or irritation, and trauma can be caused by a medical procedure such as a biopsy. Medication or contraceptive reactions can also cause an abnormal Pap smear. If any of these causes are suspected, it is important to speak with a doctor about the best course of action.