Avascular necrosis (AVN), also known as osteonecrosis or bone infarction, is a condition where the bone tissue dies due to lack of blood supply. This condition can affect any bone in the body, but it is most commonly seen in the hip, shoulder, and knee joint.
What Bones Are at Risk for Avascular Necrosis?
Avascular necrosis can affect any bone in the body, but it is most commonly seen in the bones of the hip, shoulder, and knee joint. These bones are particularly vulnerable to AVN because of their lack of a good blood supply. The bones of the feet, ankles, and wrists are also at risk for developing AVN.
What Causes Avascular Necrosis?
Avascular necrosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, certain medical conditions, use of certain medications, and alcohol abuse. Trauma to the affected area can cause a fracture or dislocation that disrupts the blood supply to the bone, leading to AVN. Medical conditions such as arthritis, sickle cell anemia, and lupus can also put the bones at risk for AVN. The use of corticosteroids and other medications can also increase the risk for AVN. Finally, alcohol abuse has been linked to an increased risk of AVN.
What Are the Symptoms of Avascular Necrosis?
The symptoms of avascular necrosis depend on the location of the affected bone. Common symptoms include pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion in the affected area. In some cases, the bone may become deformed or collapse.
How Is Avascular Necrosis Diagnosed?
AVN is typically diagnosed with an X-ray or MRI scan. Depending on the severity of the disease, a doctor may also order a bone scan or CT scan. The doctor may also order blood tests to check for any underlying medical conditions that may be causing the AVN.
How Is Avascular Necrosis Treated?
There is no cure for avascular necrosis, but treatment can help slow the progression of the disease and relieve symptoms. Treatment typically involves rest, pain medications, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery. Surgery may be necessary to correct any deformities caused by the disease or to repair any damaged joints.