Blood tests are often used to diagnose bone marrow problems. These tests can show evidence of anemia, abnormal red blood cell counts, and low platelet counts. The tests can also measure the levels of certain proteins, such as hemoglobin, which is important for carrying oxygen in the blood. Additionally, they can measure levels of certain hormones, such as erythropoietin, which is produced by the kidneys to help produce red blood cells.
In addition to these tests, a bone marrow biopsy may be done to examine the cells of the bone marrow itself. This can show if there is an abnormal amount of certain types of cells, such as white or red blood cells, in the bone marrow. It can also reveal if the bone marrow is not producing enough of these cells. This test can also be used to diagnose certain types of cancer, such as leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome.
Finally, a blood test called a peripheral blood smear may be done to examine the shape and size of the red blood cells. Abnormal cells can indicate a problem with the bone marrow, such as anemia or an infection.
Overall, blood tests are an important tool for diagnosing bone marrow problems. They can show evidence of anemia, abnormal red blood cell counts, and low platelet counts, as well as measure levels of certain proteins and hormones. Additionally, a bone marrow biopsy and a peripheral blood smear can also be used to diagnose bone marrow problems.