Aggressive periodontitis is a form of periodontal (gum) disease that is characterized by rapid and severe destruction of the gums and the underlying bone and fibers that support the teeth. It is caused by bacteria that are present in the mouth and that can cause an infection.
The most common bacteria associated with aggressive periodontitis are Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. These bacteria live in the biofilm that naturally forms on the teeth, as well as in the periodontal pockets (spaces between the teeth and gums). They create an inflammatory response in the body that leads to destruction of the gums and bone supporting the teeth.
In addition to these bacteria, other species of bacteria may also be present in aggressive periodontitis. These include Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Peptostreptococcus micros. These bacteria are generally found in periodontal pockets, but they may also be present in areas of the mouth where bacterial biofilms are not normally present, such as the tongue or the cheeks.
The presence of these bacteria in the mouth can lead to infection and inflammation, which can then lead to destruction of the gums and the supporting bones. Treatment for aggressive periodontitis involves controlling the infection and reducing the inflammation, as well as removing any bacteria that are present. This can be done through a combination of medications, such as antibiotics, antiseptic mouthwashes, and topical medications, as well as through professional dental cleanings.