Actinomyces is a genus of Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria that are commonly isolated from the oral cavity, the female reproductive tract, and the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. These bacteria are also found in soil and water sources.
Actinomyces spp. are associated with a wide variety of infections including endocarditis, osteomyelitis, periodontal disease, and amygdalitis. Actinomycosis is an infection caused by Actinomyces and is characterized by abscesses, granulomas, and fistulas.
Actinomyces are obligate anaerobes that produce long, branching filaments that are typically 0.2-1.0 µm in diameter. These filaments are composed of cocci, rods, and poly-bacterial microcolonies. Actinomyces are also known to produce a variety of exoenzymes and toxins that can damage the host's tissues.
Actinomyces are traditionally identified based on their Gram-stain characteristics and the presence of branching filaments. However, molecular identification techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing can also be used to accurately identify specific Actinomyces spp.
In conclusion, Actinomyces is a genus of Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria that are associated with a wide variety of infections. These bacteria are traditionally identified based on their Gram-stain characteristics and the presence of branching filaments, but molecular identification techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing can also be used to accurately identify specific Actinomyces spp.