Autoimmune diseases are conditions in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissue and cells. One such autoimmune disease that can attack the spine is ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine and pelvis. It is a chronic, progressive condition that can cause pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility in the spine, and in some cases, other parts of the body as well. It is most common in young men, but it can affect people of any age or gender.
The exact cause of ankylosing spondylitis is unknown, but it is believed to be an inherited condition. It is triggered by an abnormal response of the immune system to certain environmental factors, such as certain bacteria or viruses.
The primary symptom of ankylosing spondylitis is chronic lower back pain and stiffness, usually occurring in the morning. The pain can be worse when sitting or lying down, and may be accompanied by pain and stiffness in other parts of the body, such as the hips, shoulders, and ribs. Other symptoms may include fatigue, weight loss, and difficulty breathing due to reduced chest expansion.
If left untreated, ankylosing spondylitis can cause the spine to become fused and rigid over time, leading to a hunched posture. It can also cause inflammation of other joints, such as the hips, shoulders, and knees, and can affect the eyes, lungs, and heart.
Treatment for ankylosing spondylitis includes medications to reduce inflammation and pain, physical therapy and exercise to maintain flexibility, and lifestyle modifications to reduce stress. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the spinal deformity caused by the disease.