Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial personality disorder, also known as psychopathy or sociopathy, is a mental disorder characterized by a lack of empathy and remorse, shallow emotions, and a tendency to be callous, manipulative, and deceitful. People with this disorder often use charm and intelligence to manipulate others for their own gain.
DSM-5 Criteria
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) as a “pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.”
The DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing ASPD includes the following:
• A failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest
• Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeatedly lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal gain or pleasure
• Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
• Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults
• Reckless disregard for safety of self or others
• Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations
• Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another
Subtypes of Antisocial Personality Disorder
The DSM-5 distinguishes between two subtypes of antisocial personality disorder:
• Primary Psychopathy: This subtype is characterized by superficial charm, manipulativeness, a grandiose sense of self-worth, a need for stimulation, and a lack of empathy, remorse, or guilt.
• Secondary Psychopathy: This subtype is characterized by impulsivity, recklessness, irritableness, and aggressiveness. It is often associated with substance abuse, unstable relationships, and poor self-image.
Treatment for Antisocial Personality Disorder
Treatment for antisocial personality disorder typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and other supportive services. Psychotherapy can help the person learn to interact more effectively with others, develop empathy, and learn adaptive coping skills. Medication, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, can be prescribed to help reduce irritability, aggression, and impulsivity. Supportive services, such as social skills training and vocational counseling, can also be beneficial in helping the person manage their daily life.
