Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, leading to a narrowing of the vessels and decreased blood flow. It is a progressive condition that typically has three stages.
The first stage is the fatty streak stage. In this stage, cholesterol and other lipids accumulate in the artery walls. The accumulation of these materials is known as an atheroma or plaque. Plaque can cause changes in the artery walls, including a thickening of the muscle layer. Over time, the plaque may become calcified, leading to a hardening of the artery.
The second stage is the fibrous plaque stage. In this stage, the fatty streak develops into a thicker and more complex plaque. The plaque contains a mixture of lipids, calcium, and connective tissue. The plaque can also cause further changes to the artery walls, such as a narrowing of the lumen. This narrowing of the lumen can lead to a decrease in blood flow.
The third stage is the complicated stage. In this stage, the plaque continues to grow and can cause further changes to the artery walls. These changes include a narrowing of the lumen, a narrowing of the blood vessels, and the formation of clots. The clots can block off the artery, leading to a complete obstruction of blood flow. This can cause a heart attack or stroke if left untreated.
These are the three stages of atherosclerosis. It is a progressive condition that can lead to serious health complications if left untreated. As such, it is important to be aware of the risk factors for developing the condition and to seek medical attention if any of the symptoms are present.