Hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs). It can occur due to a variety of causes, including diseases, toxins, and physical trauma. Hemolysis can lead to anemia, and in some cases, can be life-threatening. There are three major types of hemolysis: intravascular, extravascular, and inappropriate.
Intravascular Hemolysis
Intravascular hemolysis occurs when red blood cells are destroyed within the bloodstream. This type of hemolysis is usually caused by an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy red blood cells. This type of hemolysis can also be caused by certain medications, infections, and certain types of cancers.
Extravascular Hemolysis
Extravascular hemolysis occurs when red blood cells are destroyed outside of the bloodstream. This type of hemolysis can be caused by physical trauma, such as a car accident, or by medical conditions such as sickle cell anemia. It can also be caused by certain toxins, or by the body's reaction to certain medications.
Inappropriate Hemolysis
Inappropriate hemolysis occurs when red blood cells are destroyed by an unknown cause. This type of hemolysis can be caused by certain inherited disorders, or by an unknown environmental factor. It can also be caused by certain medications, or by a reaction to a vaccine.
