Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the digestive system. It is triggered by the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When a person with CD consumes gluten, the body produces an immune response that damages the lining of the small intestine, preventing it from absorbing nutrients from food.
The most common symptom of Celiac Disease is abdominal pain and bloating, as well as changes in stool consistency, such as diarrhea, constipation, or an increase in gas. Other common symptoms include fatigue, anemia, unexplained weight loss, joint pain, skin rash, and depression. For some people, gluten intolerance may cause symptoms that are more subtle, such as headaches, migraines, and difficulty concentrating.
Celiac Disease can also cause damage to other organs, such as the liver, pancreas, and nervous system. Some people with CD may also experience short stature, delayed puberty, infertility, and dental enamel defects.
If you think you may have Celiac Disease, it is important to see your doctor for a proper diagnosis. Your doctor will likely recommend a blood test to check for the presence of antibodies that indicate the presence of CD. If the test is positive, then a biopsy of the small intestine may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Once the diagnosis is confirmed, following a strict gluten-free diet is the most effective way to manage the symptoms of Celiac Disease. This means avoiding all wheat, barley, and rye products, as well as foods containing hidden sources of gluten. Over time, following a gluten-free diet may help to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of CD.