Symptoms of Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a rare, inherited disorder that causes the immune system to attack the body’s own tissues and organs. It is also known as autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). People with APS1 typically experience a variety of symptoms, including candidiasis (yeast infections), alopecia (hair loss), and adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Other symptoms may include hypoparathyroidism (low levels of calcium in the blood), hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), vitiligo (loss of skin pigmentation), and other autoimmune disorders.
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is a common symptom of APS1, caused by an overgrowth of the Candida fungus. The infection typically affects the mouth, throat, and other areas of the body. Symptoms of candidiasis can include white patches on the tongue, redness and swelling of the mouth and throat, difficulty swallowing, and a dry, itchy mouth.
Alopecia
Alopecia is another common symptom of APS1. This condition causes hair loss, typically in patches on the scalp, and can range from mild to severe.
Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease)
Adrenal insufficiency is a condition characterized by the inability of the adrenal glands to produce sufficient amounts of hormones, such as cortisol and aldosterone. People with APS1 may experience symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, muscle weakness, and darkening of the skin.
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism is a condition in which the parathyroid glands do not produce enough of the hormone parathyroid. Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism may include muscle cramps, tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, and depression.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough of the hormone thyroxine. Symptoms of hypothyroidism may include fatigue, weight gain, depression, constipation, and dry skin.
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a condition in which patches of skin lose their pigmentation. It is often associated with autoimmune disorders.
Other Autoimmune Disorders
People with APS1 may also experience other autoimmune disorders, such as pernicious anemia, type 1 diabetes, or rheumatoid arthritis. Symptoms of these conditions vary depending on the disorder.