Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease that occurs when the immune system of the body mistakenly attacks the liver cells. The two main symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis are elevated liver enzymes and jaundice. Other symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis include fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, joint pain, and pale-colored stools.
Elevated liver enzymes, also known as transaminases, are the most common symptom of autoimmune hepatitis. Elevated liver enzymes are a sign of abnormal liver function and can indicate damage to the liver cells. Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. Other symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis may include fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, joint pain, and pale-colored stools.
The diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis is based on a combination of symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory tests. Blood tests are used to measure the levels of liver enzymes, bilirubin, and other markers of liver function. Imaging tests such as ultrasound and CT scan may be used to look at the size and shape of the liver and to identify any signs of inflammation. A liver biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis.
Treatment of autoimmune hepatitis typically involves medications such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. These medications are used to reduce inflammation and to suppress the immune system. Dietary changes and lifestyle modifications may be recommended to reduce the risk of complications. Liver transplantation may be necessary for severe cases of autoimmune hepatitis that do not respond to medical therapy.
