Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a rare, inherited disorder that affects the nervous system, immune system, and other body systems. People with AT often show signs of progressive neurological deterioration, increased susceptibility to infections, and an increased risk of cancer. AT carriers are individuals who have one copy of the AT gene but do not show any symptoms of the disorder.
Symptoms of AT Carriers
AT carriers usually do not have any symptoms associated with the disorder. However, carriers may have a slightly higher risk of some medical conditions, such as cancer and infertility, as compared to individuals without the AT gene.
Cancer Risk
Carriers of the AT gene have an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer, including leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer. Carriers are also at increased risk of developing skin cancers, such as melanoma, and some gastrointestinal cancers.
Infertility
AT carriers are also at increased risk of infertility. Female carriers are more likely to experience early menopause, as well as difficulty conceiving and carrying a pregnancy to term. Male carriers may have low sperm counts and other fertility problems.
Neurological Changes
AT carriers may also experience a range of neurological changes, including poor balance, difficulty walking, and difficulty speaking. These symptoms may be mild and may not be noticeable until later in life.
Testing for AT Carriers
If you are worried that you may be an AT carrier, you can speak to your doctor about genetic testing. A simple blood test can determine if you have one copy of the AT gene. It is important to remember that even if you are an AT carrier, you may not experience any symptoms of the disorder.