Stages of Brain Death
Brain death is the irreversible loss of all brain function, including the loss of consciousness and the ability to breathe. It is the clinical definition of death. Brain death is different from a coma and vegetative state, as those conditions may be reversed with the right medical care.
The stages of brain death involve a series of tests to determine if the brain is completely non-functional. In some cases, brain death can be determined with a single test. In other cases, a series of tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Clinical Tests
The first step in determining brain death is to perform a clinical evaluation. This includes checking for vital signs, such as a pulse, breathing, and blood pressure. The doctor will also look for signs of brain activity by testing reflexes, pupil responses, and other neurological functions. If there is no evidence of brain activity, the doctor may order additional tests.
Neuroimaging Tests
Neuroimaging tests are used to look for signs of brain activity. These tests may include an electroencephalogram (EEG), a computed tomography (CT) scan, or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. If the results of these tests show no brain activity, the doctor may order additional tests.
Blood Tests
Blood tests may be ordered to check for the presence of chemicals that indicate brain activity. These tests can be used to detect the presence of glucose, oxygen, and other substances in the bloodstream that may indicate brain activity. If the results of these tests are negative, the doctor may order additional tests.
Brain Death Diagnosis
Once all the tests have been completed, the doctor will review the results and make a diagnosis. If the results show no brain activity, the patient is considered brain dead. In some cases, the doctor may wait for up to 24 hours after the initial diagnosis before declaring the patient dead.
Brain death is a medical condition with no possibility of recovery. Once brain death has been declared, the patient is considered legally dead and the organs may be harvested for transplantation.