Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is a condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the liver, leading to inflammation, damage, and scarring of the organ. AILD can be mild or severe, and the stages of the disease can vary depending on the patient's age, medical history, and the underlying cause.
The first stage of AILD is typically an inflammation of the liver, known as hepatitis. It can involve the entire organ or just certain parts. Symptoms of this stage can include fatigue, nausea, pain or discomfort in the upper right abdomen, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). This inflammation can be caused by a variety of factors, including viruses, drugs, or other substances.
The second stage of AILD is cirrhosis. This occurs when inflammation of the liver leads to scarring and damage of the organ. The scarring can cause a loss of blood flow, leading to further damage. Symptoms of cirrhosis can include fatigue, jaundice, abdominal swelling, and confusion. Additionally, cirrhosis can lead to a buildup of fluid in the abdomen, known as ascites, and bleeding of the esophagus, known as varices.
The third stage of AILD is end-stage liver disease. At this point, the liver has been severely damaged and no longer functions properly. Symptoms of end-stage liver disease can include jaundice, abdominal swelling, fatigue, and confusion. Additionally, this stage can lead to severe complications such as liver cancer and liver failure.
Ultimately, the stages of autoimmune liver disease can vary depending on the patient's age, medical history, and the underlying cause. It is important to consult with a physician to diagnose and treat the condition, as AILD can be serious and even life-threatening if left untreated.