Autoimmune hepatitis is a type of liver disease that can be difficult to diagnose. It is caused by an excessive immune response, which leads to inflammation and damage to the liver. To detect autoimmune hepatitis, doctors may use a combination of tests and indicators.
The first indicator of autoimmune hepatitis is a blood test to measure levels of certain liver enzymes, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). High levels of these enzymes can indicate liver damage, and they may be particularly elevated in autoimmune hepatitis. Additionally, a blood test may be used to check for the presence of certain autoantibodies, such as anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA). These antibodies are usually present in people with autoimmune hepatitis.
In addition to blood tests, a doctor may also order an imaging test, such as an ultrasound or computerized tomography (CT) scan, to look for signs of liver damage. These tests can help the doctor identify any abnormalities in the liver, such as inflammation or scarring.
Finally, a biopsy of the liver may be required to definitively diagnose autoimmune hepatitis. During a biopsy, a sample of liver tissue is taken and examined under a microscope. The biopsy can reveal any abnormal cells or other signs of inflammation or damage that are characteristic of autoimmune hepatitis.
In summary, to detect autoimmune hepatitis, doctors may use a combination of tests, such as blood tests to measure levels of liver enzymes and autoantibodies, imaging tests to look for signs of liver damage, and a biopsy to definitively diagnose the condition.