Signs and Symptoms of Alcoholism
Alcoholism is a chronic and progressive mental health disorder that is characterized by a strong craving for alcohol and physical dependence on it. Those with alcoholism often find that they cannot control their drinking, and frequently drink more than they intended or for longer periods of time. Common signs and symptoms of alcoholism include:
Cravings: An intense desire to drink alcohol, even when doing so is not in one’s best interest.
Loss of Control: Being unable to stop drinking once one has started.
Physical Dependence: Experiencing withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, sweating, shaking, and anxiety when not drinking.
Tolerance: The need to drink larger amounts of alcohol to achieve the same effects as previously.
Neglect of Responsibilities: Prioritizing drinking over work, family, and other obligations.
Risky Behavior: Engaging in dangerous activities while under the influence of alcohol.
Relationship Problems: Strained or broken relationships due to drinking.
Risk Factors for Alcoholism
Anyone can develop an alcohol use disorder, but there are several factors that may increase one’s risk. These include:
Genetics: Having a close relative with alcoholism increases one’s risk of developing the disorder.
Age: Alcoholism is more common among young adults aged 18-29.
Gender: Men are more likely to develop alcoholism than women.
Mental Health: Having a mental health disorder such as depression or anxiety increases the risk of developing alcoholism.
Stress: Stressful life events such as job loss or a divorce can increase one’s risk of developing an alcohol use disorder.
Treatment for Alcoholism
Treatment for alcoholism typically involves a combination of behavioral therapies and medications. Behavioral therapies can help to address underlying issues that may be contributing to the disorder, while medications such as naltrexone and acamprosate can help to reduce cravings and support recovery. Detoxification is often the first step in treatment, and should be done under the care of a qualified healthcare professional.
For those with a more severe alcohol use disorder, residential treatment may be recommended. This involves staying at a treatment center for an extended period of time (typically 30-90 days) in order to receive intensive, round-the-clock care from a team of specialists.
Inpatient treatment is also recommended for those with medical or psychological complications due to their drinking, or for those who have previously relapsed in an outpatient setting.
For those with a milder alcohol use disorder, outpatient treatment may be recommended. This involves attending regular therapy sessions with a qualified mental health professional, and may also include attendance at support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous.
No matter the severity of the alcohol use disorder, treatment should be tailored to the individual’s needs in order to maximize the chances of a successful recovery.