Fungal infections are a known complication of critical illness, and the risk is even greater in the ICU setting. This increased risk is further compounded in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, where immunocompromised patients are more likely to contract fungal infections. A descriptive and comparative analysis of 178 patients in the ICU during the COVID-19 era showed that the rate of fungal infections was significantly higher in the ICU than among the general population.
The study found that the most common type of fungal infection was candidiasis, which was reported in 54.5% of the ICU patients. Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection caused by the Candida fungus, which is typically present in the body but can take advantage of weakened immune systems to cause infection. The second most common type of fungal infection was aspergillosis, reported in 15.2% of ICU patients. Aspergillosis is caused by the Aspergillus fungus, which is commonly found in the environment and can cause severe respiratory infections.
In addition, the study found that the presence of fungal infections in the ICU was significantly associated with increased mortality. Patients who developed fungal infections were 1.5 times more likely to die than those without fungal infections. This increased risk of mortality is likely due to the weakened immune systems of ICU patients, which makes them more susceptible to infections in general.
Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that fungal infections are a major concern in the ICU during the COVID-19 era. The presence of fungal infections significantly increases the risk of mortality, and therefore health care providers should be aware of the risks and take steps to reduce the likelihood of fungal infections in ICU patients.