Scarlet fever is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as the group A streptococcus bacteria. It typically affects children between the ages of 5 and 15, though it can occur in people of all ages. The first symptoms of scarlet fever typically appear one to four days after exposure to the bacteria.
The most common initial symptom of scarlet fever is a sore throat, accompanied by a fever of 101°F (38.3°C) or higher. Other early symptoms may include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. After 12 to 48 hours, a red, sandpaper-like rash will appear on the body, beginning on the face and neck before spreading to the trunk, arms, and legs. The rash usually looks like a sunburn and will feel rough to the touch. It may also be accompanied by a whitish coating on the tongue, referred to as a “strawberry tongue.”
Other common symptoms of scarlet fever include a swollen red tongue, red lines in the folds of the skin, chills, loss of appetite, and a red area in the folds of the groin and armpit. In rare cases, a person with scarlet fever may experience joint pain, difficulty breathing, and abdominal swelling.
If you believe you or your child is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to contact your doctor right away. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is important to prevent the infection from spreading and to help reduce the severity and duration of the symptoms.