Diverticular disease is a digestive condition that affects the large intestine, or colon. It occurs when small sacs or pockets form in the lining of the colon, which can then become inflamed or infected. These sacs are called diverticula, and when they become inflamed it is known as diverticulitis.
The most common symptom of diverticular disease is abdominal pain, typically on the lower left side. Other symptoms include bloating, constipation, and changes in bowel habits. In some cases, there may also be rectal bleeding or fever.
The exact cause of diverticular disease is not known, but it is believed to be related to a diet low in dietary fiber. This can lead to increased pressure within the colon, which can cause the diverticula to form. Other factors that may increase the risk of developing the condition include being overweight or obese, smoking, and older age.
If left untreated, diverticular disease can lead to serious complications, such as blockages in the colon, infection, and bleeding. In rare cases, it can also cause a hole in the colon, which can lead to an abscess or a life-threatening infection.
The best way to prevent diverticular disease is to eat a high-fiber diet. This includes eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Regular exercise can also help prevent the condition. If you already have diverticular disease, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes such as eating a fiber-rich diet, taking medications, and avoiding straining during bowel movements. Surgery may also be necessary in certain cases.