Diagnostic Criteria for Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own red blood cells (RBCs). It is a type of hemolytic anemia, in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced. AIHA is typically diagnosed by a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging.
Clinical Symptoms
The most common symptoms of AIHA are fatigue, shortness of breath, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes). Other symptoms may include paleness, rapid heart rate, fever, and abdominal pain.
Laboratory Tests
AIHA can be identified through a number of laboratory tests, including a complete blood count (CBC), a peripheral blood smear, a reticulocyte count, a direct antiglobulin test (DAT), a Coombs test, and a red cell autoantibody screen.
Imaging
Imaging may also be used to diagnose AIHA. An ultrasound of the abdomen can help to identify any enlarged spleen, which can be a sign of AIHA. A chest X-ray may also be used to look for signs of anemia, such as an enlarged heart.
Once AIHA is diagnosed, additional tests may be done to determine the underlying cause. Treatment typically involves the use of immunosuppressive medications and, in some cases, a blood transfusion.
