Acromegaly is a medical condition caused by an excess of growth hormone. It is characterized by the enlargement of the hands, feet, forehead, and jaw and is usually seen in adults over the age of 40.
The most common clinical feature of acromegaly is the enlargement of hands, feet, and facial features. This enlargement is due to increased growth hormone secretion that occurs during the condition. Over time, the hands and feet will become larger and wider, while the forehead and jaw will become more prominent. In addition, facial features such as the nose, lips, and ears may become enlarged.
Other clinical features of acromegaly can include excessive sweating, joint pain, headaches, vision problems, fatigue, and an increased risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, people with acromegaly may experience an increase in body hair, deepening of the voice, and an increase in body odor.
Diagnosis of acromegaly is primarily done through a physical exam and medical history. Blood tests may be performed to measure growth hormone levels in the body. If the growth hormone levels are elevated, imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan may be ordered to identify any tumors on the pituitary gland, which is responsible for producing growth hormone.
Treatment for acromegaly typically involves surgery to remove the tumor on the pituitary gland, hormone therapy, and medications to reduce the amount of growth hormone in the body. In some cases, radiation therapy may be used to shrink the tumor.