Addison's disease, also known as adrenal insufficiency, is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. It occurs when the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys, are not able to produce the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. As a result, a person suffering from the condition can experience fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, low blood pressure, and darkening of the skin, among other symptoms.
What Causes Addison's Disease?
Addison's disease is usually caused by an autoimmune disorder, in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys its own tissues. Other causes of Addison's disease include infections, certain medications, and pituitary gland disorders.
What Are the Chances of Getting Addison's Disease?
The exact prevalence of Addison's disease is not known, but it is estimated to affect about 1 in 100,000 people. The condition is more common in women and in people of European descent. It is also more common in people who have other autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes or thyroid disease.
How Is Addison's Disease Diagnosed?
Addison's disease is diagnosed through a combination of blood tests, imaging tests, and physical exams. Blood tests are used to measure hormone levels, and imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans can be used to look for abnormalities in the adrenal glands. A physical exam may also be used to look for signs of Addison's disease, such as darkening of the skin, low blood pressure, and muscle weakness.
How Is Addison's Disease Treated?
Addison's disease is treated with hormone replacement therapy, in which a person takes medications to replace the hormones that their body is not producing. In some cases, lifestyle changes may also be recommended, such as eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly. With proper treatment, most people with Addison's disease are able to lead normal, healthy lives.